Difference between revisions of "Chapter 19 CC18"

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'''1.''' Open Adobe After Effects. Select “New Project…” in the startup menu.  
 
'''1.''' Open Adobe After Effects. Select “New Project…” in the startup menu.  
  
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[[File:]]
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[[File:Fig19 Ex1 01 CC2018.png|500px]]
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'''2.''' Select “New Composition.” Name the Composition “Pacing.” Make sure the width is set to 1920 px and the height is set to 1080 px. Set the frame rate by selecting 29.97 from the pull-down menu. Set the Duration to 2.12 seconds which is 0;00;02;12. This is because we will be using an audio file that is 2.12 seconds long. Press OK.
 
'''2.''' Select “New Composition.” Name the Composition “Pacing.” Make sure the width is set to 1920 px and the height is set to 1080 px. Set the frame rate by selecting 29.97 from the pull-down menu. Set the Duration to 2.12 seconds which is 0;00;02;12. This is because we will be using an audio file that is 2.12 seconds long. Press OK.
  
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[[File:]]
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[[File:Fig19 Ex1 02 CC2018.png|500px]]
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'''3.''' Import the sound clip and AI file using File > Import > Multiple Files…
 
'''3.''' Import the sound clip and AI file using File > Import > Multiple Files…
  
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[[File:]]
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[[File:Fig19 Ex1 03 CC2018.png|500px]]
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'''4.''' Drag the sound clip from the Project Panel to the Layers panel to insert it to the composition.
 
'''4.''' Drag the sound clip from the Project Panel to the Layers panel to insert it to the composition.
  
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[[File:]]
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[[File:Fig19 Ex1 04 CC2018.png|500px]]
  
 
=Exercise 2: Placing AI File, Draw Out Solid, Add Letter “O”=
 
=Exercise 2: Placing AI File, Draw Out Solid, Add Letter “O”=
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'''1.''' Move the AI File to the composition by dragging it to the layers. Move the Circle to the bottom left of the composition.
 
'''1.''' Move the AI File to the composition by dragging it to the layers. Move the Circle to the bottom left of the composition.
  
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[[File:]]
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[[File:Fig19 Ex2 01 CC2018.png|700px]]
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'''2.''' Draw a Solid Circle using the Ellipse Tool and move it to the right side of the composition, centered vertically. You can change the fill and stroke from the toolbar.
 
'''2.''' Draw a Solid Circle using the Ellipse Tool and move it to the right side of the composition, centered vertically. You can change the fill and stroke from the toolbar.
  
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[[File:]]
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[[File:Fig19 Ex2 02 CC2018.png|700px]]
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'''3.''' Select the Type Tool and add the letter “O.” Move it to the center of the composition and make sure its anchor point is in the center using the Anchor Point Tool (Y).  Adjust the circles so that all three are roughly the same size.
 
'''3.''' Select the Type Tool and add the letter “O.” Move it to the center of the composition and make sure its anchor point is in the center using the Anchor Point Tool (Y).  Adjust the circles so that all three are roughly the same size.
  
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[[File:]]
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[[File:Fig19 Ex2 03 CC2018.png|700px]]
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=Exercise 3: Changing Position of AI File, Change Hue of Solid=
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'''1.''' Create an initial keyframe so that you can change the position of the circle. In the layers panel, click the arrow next to the “Circle.ai” layer to expand the twirl down menu. Do the same for the Transform menu, and then click the stop-watch next to Position while the playhead is at the first frame.
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[[File:Fig19 Ex3 01 CC2018.png|800px]]
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'''2.''' Move the playhead halfway through the composition so that it is exactly at 1:06 seconds. You can find the time at the bottom of the composition panel. Change the position of the circle so that it is higher than its previous position.
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[[File:Fig19 Ex3 02 CC2018.png|800px]]
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'''3.''' Move the playhead to the last frame. Click on the first Keyframe we made in step 1, copy it, and paste it to the last frame.
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[[File:Fig19 Ex3 03 CC2018.png|800px]]
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'''4.''' Press SPACE to preview.
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'''5.''' Select the solid shape and make a keyframe for Color (Contents > Ellipse 1 > Fill 1) at the first frame.
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[[File:Fig19 Ex3 05 CC2018.png|800px]]
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'''6.''' Move the playhead halfway (1:06) and change the Color.
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[[File:Fig19 Ex3 06 CC2018.png|800px]]
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'''7.''' Go to the last frame and duplicate the first keyframe.
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[[File:Fig19 Ex3 07 CC2018.png|800px]]
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'''8.''' Press SPACE to preview.
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=Exercise 4: Change Opacity and Scale of “O”=
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'''1.''' For the “O”, make a keyframe for scale and opacity at the first frame.
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[[File:Fig19 Ex4 01 CC2018.png|800px]]
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'''2.''' Move the playhead halfway so that it is at 1:06 seconds. Change the scale so it is larger but not touching the other circles. Then change the Opacity to 0%.
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[[File:Fig19 Ex4 02 CC2018.png|800px]]
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'''3.''' Go to the last frame and copy the key frames from the first frame to the last frame.
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[[File:Fig19 Ex4 03 CC2018.png|800px]]
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'''4.''' Press SPACE to preview.
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=Exercise 5: Exporting and Rendering=
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'''1.''' Save the composition by selecting File > Save As > Save As… and name the project “Pacing.”
  
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=Exercise 3: Visualizing tempo=
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[[File:Fig19 Ex5 01 CC2018.png|400px]]
  
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1. Click on the "circle ctr" layer then add a new layer above it. Name it "circle rt". Select the circle on the first layer, and copy it using Edit > Copy or CMD + C. Click on the first frame of the new layer and paste the circle using CMD + V.
 
  
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[[File:Fig18_Ex3_01_CS6.png|400px]]
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'''2.''' Then Export by selecting File > Export > Add to Render Queue.
  
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2.Hold SHFT while clicking and dragging the new circle to the right of the first circle.  
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[[File:Fig19 Ex5 02 CC2018.png|500px]]
  
  
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<table class="infobox">
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'''3.''' Change the value of “Output To:” by selecting the blue value and choosing where the composition will be exported to. Click save.
  
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<tr>
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[[File:Fig19 Ex5 03 CC2018.png|800px]]
  
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<td>Holding the Shift Key while dragging an object restricts the movement to 90 and 45 degrees.</td>
 
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</tr>
 
  
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</table>
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'''4.''' Click on Render on the right. This will export and render the video to an MOV file.
  
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[[File:Fig19 Ex5 04 CC2018.png|800px]]
  
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[[File:Fig18_Ex3_02_CS6.png|400px]]
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=Exercise 6: Looping=
  
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3. Click in the Color Palette to change the color of the new circle.
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'''1.''' Make a new project by selecting Composition > New Composition or by using the shortcut, CMD + N.
  
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[[File:Fig18_Ex3_03_CS6.png|400px]]
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[[File:Fig19 Ex6 01 CC2018.png|400px]]
  
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4. Insert a new keyframe at frame 13 on the "circle rt" layer. Click on frame 25 and use the key command (Function Key) F6 to add another keyframe.
 
  
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[[File:Fig18_Ex3_04_CS6.png|400px]]
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'''2.''' In the Composition Settings Window, name the new composition “PacingLoop” and make the duration 10 seconds (0:00:10:00). Click OK
  
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5. In order to see the original circle on the "circle ctr" layer after frame 13, we will duplicate the first 13 frames. Select the frames you want to copy, by clicking on frame 1 of the "circle ctr" layer and holding SHFT while clicking the 13th frame. Click Edit > Timeline > Copy Frames. Select the first destination frame, or frame 13, and click Edit > Timeline > Paste Frames. We are pasting on top of the second keyframe. On the "line" layer, click on frame 25 and use Function key F5 to insert frames, or Insert > Timeline > Frame.
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[[File:Fig19 Ex6 02 CC2018.png|500px]]
  
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[[File:Fig18_Ex3_05_CS6.png|400px]]
 
  
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There is a difference between Copy and Copy Frames. Edit > Copy will copy a shape or an object. Edit > Timeline > Copy Frames will copy the entire content of one or multiple frames.  
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'''3.''' Select File > Import > File… and select the Pacing.mov file that we created earlier.
  
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[[File:Fig19 Ex6 03 CC2018.png|500px]]
  
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<table class="infobox">
 
  
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<tr>
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'''4.''' Click and drag Pacing.mov to the layers panel and press SPACE to preview. As you can see, the Pacing file only lasts for 2 seconds of our 10 seconds.
  
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<td>Key command: CMD+OPT+V is a shortcut for Edit > Timeline > Paste Frames.</td>
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'''5.''' Right click the Pacing.mov layer and select Time > Enable Time Remapping. This will create a property with a keyframe under the layer.
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</tr>
 
  
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</table>
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[[File:Fig19 Ex6 05 CC2018.png|800px]]
  
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6. Click on frame 13 on the "circle rt" layer and mouse over the edge of the  circle on the stage with the selection tool. The cursor changes into an arrow with a curved line. This symbol means that you can pull the edge of the circle to reshape it. Change the shape of the circle using this technique. 
 
  
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[[File:Fig18_Ex3_06_CS6.png]]
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'''6.''' Option + Click the keyframe icon to create an expression. Expressions are bits of code that tell After Effects details about the property, in this case Time Remap.
  
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7. Select frames 1 through 13 on the "circle rt" layer and apply the Shape Tween in the Properties Palette.
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[[File:Fig19 Ex6 06 CC2018.png|800px]]
  
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[[File:Fig18_Ex3_07_CS6.png|400px]]
 
  
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8. Test the new animation (CMD + Enter) and notice that the new tween takes twice as long as the tween in the first circle to square animation. The tempo of the new tween is slower than the tempo of the first circle.
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'''7.''' Click on the Expression Language Menu, which is the circle with the triangle within the expression layer.
  
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=Exercise 4: Basic bouncing ball=
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[[File:Fig19 Ex6 07 CC2018.png|800px]]
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1. Repeat the first steps in Exercise 3 to create a new layer above "circle rt" called "circle lft." Add a third circle to the left of the original with a new hue.
 
  
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[[File:Fig18_Ex4_01_CS6.png|400px]]
 
  
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2. This circle is going to have a shorter cycle than both of the other shapes. This will result in the fastest tempo. Add a new keyframe on this layer at frame 25 so the circle will end in the same position. When an animation is supposed to cycle seamlessly, a keyframe should be placed at the end of the layer holding the same content as the first frame.
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'''8.''' From the Expression Language Menu. Select Property > loopOut(type = “cycle”, numKeyframes = 0)
  
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[[File:Fig18_Ex4_02_CS6.png|400px]]
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[[File:Fig19 Ex6 08 CC2018.png|800px]]
  
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3. Insert a new keyframe every three frames. In each keyframe, move the circle up or down with the Selection Tool.
 
  
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[[File:Fig18_Ex4_03_CS6.png|400px]]
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'''9.''' Now drag the end of the Pacing.mov layer to the end of the composition. This will tell After Effects to loop until the end of the composition.
  
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We started on the second keyframe (frame 4) and used SHFT+Up Arrow three times (Shift + up + up + up) to move the circle 30 pixels higher than it's starting point. On the next keyframe, we used SHFT+Down Arrow. On the following keyframe, SHFT+Up Arrow four times. On frame 13, SHFT + Down Arrow. We repeated this pattern throughout the layer so the circle would look like a ball that bounces higher each time it hits the ground.
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[[File:Fig19 Ex6 09 CC2018.png|800px]]
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4. Create a shape tween between each keyframe. 
 
  
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[[File:Fig18_Ex4_04_CS6.png|400px]]
 
  
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5. Use CMD+return to watch the new animation.
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'''10.''' Press SPACE to make check that Pacing.mov is looping for the 10 seconds. If it is, continue exporting and rendering the composition like in Exercise 5.

Latest revision as of 09:34, 13 December 2018

Chapter 19 - Pacing

Rhythm is an essential consideration in the production of motion graphics. One of the most common and simple time signatures is 4/4, where four beats are evenly heard over one bar of music and each note is one beat. House Music has a 4/4 beat. This method of counting time can be applied to animation. In House music, the beat is counted in cycles of eight. The rhythm is established and peaks at the fourth beat. It reduces in the next four beats, in preparation for the next set of eight beats. One of the key concepts in understanding animation is visualizing time. Whether you are keeping track of the musical score or graphic frames on a timeline, counting time is important and "seeing" the count is a necessity.

Early experimental animation can be drawn upon as an example of seeing time kept with abstract, basic shapes. The work we will be doing is more like Oscar Fischinger's later work, "Early Abstractions" (1946 - 57). Harry Smith's homage to Fischinger remains abstract, though it is even more layered and complicated. Balance changes over time, shapes change in size and transparency. Rhythm is used to create a sense of predictability within the abstraction.

Exercise 1: Adding Sound Clip and Define Length of Clip

1. Open Adobe After Effects. Select “New Project…” in the startup menu.

Fig19 Ex1 01 CC2018.png


2. Select “New Composition.” Name the Composition “Pacing.” Make sure the width is set to 1920 px and the height is set to 1080 px. Set the frame rate by selecting 29.97 from the pull-down menu. Set the Duration to 2.12 seconds which is 0;00;02;12. This is because we will be using an audio file that is 2.12 seconds long. Press OK.

Fig19 Ex1 02 CC2018.png


3. Import the sound clip and AI file using File > Import > Multiple Files…

Fig19 Ex1 03 CC2018.png


4. Drag the sound clip from the Project Panel to the Layers panel to insert it to the composition.

Fig19 Ex1 04 CC2018.png

Exercise 2: Placing AI File, Draw Out Solid, Add Letter “O”

1. Move the AI File to the composition by dragging it to the layers. Move the Circle to the bottom left of the composition.

Fig19 Ex2 01 CC2018.png


2. Draw a Solid Circle using the Ellipse Tool and move it to the right side of the composition, centered vertically. You can change the fill and stroke from the toolbar.

Fig19 Ex2 02 CC2018.png


3. Select the Type Tool and add the letter “O.” Move it to the center of the composition and make sure its anchor point is in the center using the Anchor Point Tool (Y). Adjust the circles so that all three are roughly the same size.

Fig19 Ex2 03 CC2018.png

Exercise 3: Changing Position of AI File, Change Hue of Solid

1. Create an initial keyframe so that you can change the position of the circle. In the layers panel, click the arrow next to the “Circle.ai” layer to expand the twirl down menu. Do the same for the Transform menu, and then click the stop-watch next to Position while the playhead is at the first frame.

Fig19 Ex3 01 CC2018.png


2. Move the playhead halfway through the composition so that it is exactly at 1:06 seconds. You can find the time at the bottom of the composition panel. Change the position of the circle so that it is higher than its previous position.

Fig19 Ex3 02 CC2018.png


3. Move the playhead to the last frame. Click on the first Keyframe we made in step 1, copy it, and paste it to the last frame.

Fig19 Ex3 03 CC2018.png


4. Press SPACE to preview.

5. Select the solid shape and make a keyframe for Color (Contents > Ellipse 1 > Fill 1) at the first frame.

Fig19 Ex3 05 CC2018.png


6. Move the playhead halfway (1:06) and change the Color.

Fig19 Ex3 06 CC2018.png


7. Go to the last frame and duplicate the first keyframe.

Fig19 Ex3 07 CC2018.png


8. Press SPACE to preview.

Exercise 4: Change Opacity and Scale of “O”

1. For the “O”, make a keyframe for scale and opacity at the first frame.

Fig19 Ex4 01 CC2018.png


2. Move the playhead halfway so that it is at 1:06 seconds. Change the scale so it is larger but not touching the other circles. Then change the Opacity to 0%.

Fig19 Ex4 02 CC2018.png


3. Go to the last frame and copy the key frames from the first frame to the last frame.

Fig19 Ex4 03 CC2018.png


4. Press SPACE to preview.

Exercise 5: Exporting and Rendering

1. Save the composition by selecting File > Save As > Save As… and name the project “Pacing.”

Fig19 Ex5 01 CC2018.png


2. Then Export by selecting File > Export > Add to Render Queue.

Fig19 Ex5 02 CC2018.png


3. Change the value of “Output To:” by selecting the blue value and choosing where the composition will be exported to. Click save.

Fig19 Ex5 03 CC2018.png


4. Click on Render on the right. This will export and render the video to an MOV file.

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Exercise 6: Looping

1. Make a new project by selecting Composition > New Composition or by using the shortcut, CMD + N.

Fig19 Ex6 01 CC2018.png


2. In the Composition Settings Window, name the new composition “PacingLoop” and make the duration 10 seconds (0:00:10:00). Click OK

Fig19 Ex6 02 CC2018.png


3. Select File > Import > File… and select the Pacing.mov file that we created earlier.

Fig19 Ex6 03 CC2018.png


4. Click and drag Pacing.mov to the layers panel and press SPACE to preview. As you can see, the Pacing file only lasts for 2 seconds of our 10 seconds.

5. Right click the Pacing.mov layer and select Time > Enable Time Remapping. This will create a property with a keyframe under the layer.

Fig19 Ex6 05 CC2018.png


6. Option + Click the keyframe icon to create an expression. Expressions are bits of code that tell After Effects details about the property, in this case Time Remap.

Fig19 Ex6 06 CC2018.png


7. Click on the Expression Language Menu, which is the circle with the triangle within the expression layer.

Fig19 Ex6 07 CC2018.png


8. From the Expression Language Menu. Select Property > loopOut(type = “cycle”, numKeyframes = 0)

Fig19 Ex6 08 CC2018.png


9. Now drag the end of the Pacing.mov layer to the end of the composition. This will tell After Effects to loop until the end of the composition.

Fig19 Ex6 09 CC2018.png


10. Press SPACE to make check that Pacing.mov is looping for the 10 seconds. If it is, continue exporting and rendering the composition like in Exercise 5.

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